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The International Energy Agency has reviewed 134 policies and regulations for fitting data centres into power systems, and its clearest lesson is that a flexible connection is faster than waiting for firm capacity.
Calculations by the DVGW research centre in Karlsruhe show that if small biogas plants reach the gas grid through a shared upgrading unit and injection point, investment falls by up to 55% and the biomethane injected rises by 16% compared with connecting plants one by one.
Finnish transmission system operator Fingrid will require new wind and solar plants connecting at weak points in its grid to provide grid-forming capability – through their own inverters, batteries or synchronous condensers.
The TITAN project, funded by the EU's Horizon Europe programme, has shown that a microwave-heated fluidised reactor can produce hydrogen from raw biogas almost three times more efficiently than electrolysis – while the solid carbon by-product can be locked away in soil for the long term.