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A national Swiss campaign has run every PFAS method in the Commission's guidelines side by side, and none of them can name most of the organic fluorine in wastewater.
London's Thames Tideway Tunnel cut storm sewage discharges to the tidal Thames by 86% in its first full year, and its first benefits report is just as clear about what one dry year cannot yet prove.
Wastewater treatment does not break down PFAS, so the chemicals collect in sludge, and just as farmland is closing to it in more places, the technologies that can destroy them are leaving the pilot stage.
Kraków's smaller wastewater plant already covers about 80% of its electricity demand with biogas, the larger one 45%, and their upgrades show what it still takes to reach the EU's 2045 target.
