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A meta-analysis of 455 datasets finds that fertilisers made from separated urine and faeces perform as well as mineral fertiliser, so the open questions are now quality assurance and regulation.
A few ways in which sewage sludge, the by-product of wastewater treatment, can be turned into a valuable raw material – though most are still at the experimental stage.
The two main goals of the EU's Urban Wastewater Treatment Directive seem to contradict each other, but with the right strategy both can be met.
An international study on the resource recovery potential of wastewater: water, energy, nutrients, critical trace materials and carbon in one integrated system.